Is Coffee Actually Good For You?

There are few topics that divide the wellness world more than coffee. (Not even the Nike versus Adidas debate.)

Studies show it cuts your risk of cancer, but on the other hand it may keep you up all night—and even kill your sex drive. (Yikes!) And what’s with those people who come to a fitness class with a Starbucks cup in hand? That can’t be healthy, can it?

To set the record straight once and for all, I turned to FitnessGenes CEO and co-founder Dan Reardon, MD. The Brit is very passionate about coffee, and not just because it fuels his long days; he’s seen firsthand how the caffeinated beverage affects people on a cellular level, thanks to the DNA kit he developed—which makes diet and workout recommendations based on analysis of saliva samples.

So, is coffee good or bad for you? What time of day should you stop drinking it? And what’s the deal with drinking it before a workout?

Keep reading for answers to your most pressing java-related questions.

Is coffee healthy?

According to Dr. Reardon: yes—but just for certain people. “There’s a strong link between caffeine preventing breast cancer in women who are genetically susceptible to it, so that’s a health benefit,” he says. “There’s also strong evidence of coffee being connected to better cognitive function and mental stimulation.” (You just have to look around the office to attest to that.)

Okay, so coffee definitely has some good-for-you cred. So why the caveat that it isn’t something everyone should be sipping on? “People metabolize it at different speeds,” Dr. Reardon says. “So there’s a variation when people should consume coffee.” He adds that when too much is consumed—and at the wrong time—it’s linked to causing high blood pressure.

The verdict: A piping hot cup can be healthy, if consumed in the amount and time that’s best for your body. Which brings up the second big caffeine query…

How do you know when—and how much—is best for you?

Some people can order a shot of espresso as an after-dinner nightcap and have no problem falling asleep a couple hours later, while others can’t have any caffeine after 4pm or they’ll be up all night. So how do you know where you fall?

You could get your DNA tested (according to Dr. Reardon, you want to look at “a gene called CYP-182 to see how fast caffeine is broken down and its compounds are released in the body”), but a far easier option is just making an educated guess by paying attention to your body post-cup of joe. If you feel its effects almost immediately? That means you metabolize coffee quickly. Whereas if it takes a bit to kick in, you likely metabolize it on the slower side.

Figuring this out impacts more than just the timing of your Starbucks run—one study showed that people who metabolize coffee slowly are at a greater risk for having a heart attack.

The verdict: Fast metabolizers can tolerate more coffee than slower metabolizers—which means that they can drink it later in the day with way less problem.

Should you drink coffee before a workout?

According to Dr. Reardon, an iced coffee isn’t out of place in the gym. “It’s been linked to increasing athletic performance and also contributing to weight loss,” he says. Science backs up his claim—one study found that consuming caffeine an hour prior to working out led to better endurance.

And no, it doesn’t cause dehydration. But while it has been linked to boosting staying power, the jury’s still out when it comes to strength training.

The verdict: A pre-workout coffee date can’t hurt—but don’t expect it to help you suddenly help you with that pull-up.

For more on the health issues of coffee, check out the full article on Well + Good.